Amelogenesis imperfecta is a condition resulting from hereditary factors that lead to the malformation of enamel, compromising the protective barrier of our teeth. This malformation primarily arises due to mutations in genes that encode enamel matrix proteins. Dr. Zhang, backed by the National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, is collaborating with experts specializing in enamel biology, chromatin regulation, and protein biochemistry. Their focus is to dissect the molecular mechanisms that oversee the transcription regulation of these proteins. A key aspect of their research will explore the influence of transcriptional regulators SATB1 and HIF1A on major enamel matrix proteins, namely ameloblastin and enamelin, both of which are linked to amelogenesis imperfecta. It's noteworthy that enamel, the hardest substance in the human body, is produced by ameloblast cells. However, nearly 40% of incisor teeth in young children present with some form of enamel defect. A challenge in addressing these defects is the fact that genuine ameloblasts disappear once tooth formation concludes. Gaining insights into how ameloblasts produce enamel matrix proteins is essential, as it could potentially pave the way for strategies to either restore or fully regenerate enamel by replicating or regenerating ameloblast-like cells.
